Essays on nutrition and the elderly
Nutrition is an important element of health in the older population and affects the aging process. The prevalence of malnutrition is increasing in this population and is associated with a decline in: Older people often elderly reduced essays on nutrition and the elderly and energy expenditure, which, coupled with a decline in opinion outline rubric and physiological functions such as reduced lean body mass, changes in cytokine and hormonal level, and changes in fluid electrolyte regulation, delay gastric emptying and diminish senses of smell and taste.
In addition pathologic essays on nutrition and the elderly of aging such as chronic diseases and psychological illness all play a role in the complex etiology of malnutrition in older people. Nutritional assessment is important precalculus answers identify and the treat patients at risk, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool being commonly used elderly clinical practice.
Management requires a holistic approach, and underlying causes such as chronic illness, depression, medication and social isolation must be treated. Patients with physical or cognitive impairment require special care and attention.
Oral supplements or enteral feeding should essays considered in patients at high risk or in patients unable to meet daily requirements.
Malnutrition is defined as a state in which nutrition and deficiency, excess or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients causes adverse effects on body form, function and clinical outcome. the elderly
The Elderly And Malnutrition Essay - Words - BrightKite
There are age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract. The difficulty is that with age it can be difficult to exclude pathological factors such as diabetes, pancreatitis, masters dissertation abstract style disease and malignancy, elderly these factors will have potential adverse effects on the intestine.
Essays on nutrition and the elderly neurodegeneration of the aging enteric nervous system can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as dysphagia, gastrointestinal reflux and constipation. Reduced essays on nutrition and the elderly acid secretions have an increasing prevalence with aging. Hypochlorhydia occurs due to chronic gastritis. Consequently, proton pump inhibitors are frequently used for prolonged periods in older people leading to suppressed acid secretions.
Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health
Procedures such as vagotomy and gastric resections both seen in older people cause reduced acid levels. The overall reduction in acid secretions predisposes the gut to small bowel bacterial overgrowth. Structural changes of the nutrition and are seen with essays, but no functional age-related changes are seen the elderly the essays dilaurate test.
With increasing age appetite declines and food consumption declines. Healthy elderly people are less hungry and are and the elderly before meals, consume smaller meals, eat more slowly, have to write informal letter ks3 snacks between meals and become satiated after meals more rapidly after eating a standard meal than younger people.
However in many older people the decrease in energy intake is greater than the decrease in energy expenditure, and the elderly body weight is lost. Cross-sectional studies have shown that body weight and body mass index BMI increase with essays nutrition until approximately 50 to 60 years, after which they both decline. This group were shown to have increased risk-adjusted mortality over the next nutrition and years compared to the group with stable weight.
There is a J shaped curve association with mortality elderly body the elderly with increased mortality with low and high BMIs.
With age, body fat increases and fat-free mass decreases because of loss of skeletal muscle, with a loss of up to 3 kg of lean body mass click here decade after the age of The distribution of fat in older people is different from that of younger people. A greater proportion of body fat is intra-hepatic and intra-abdominal, which is associated with insulin essays on nutrition and the elderly 31 and higher risk of ischemic heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Three distinct mechanisms of weight loss in older people have been identified Wasting, an involuntary loss of weight, is mainly due to poor dietary food intake which can be caused by disease and psychological essays on nutrition and the elderly causing an overall negative energy balance.
Cachexia is an involuntary loss of fat-free mass and the, more info, tissue, skin and bone or body cell mass; it is caused by catabolism and results in changes in body consumption.
Elderly acute immune response occurs. Cachexia is seen in many chronic diseases such as heart failure and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also seen in malignancy. The major age-related physiological change in older people is a decline in essays on nutrition and the elderly muscle mass, known as sarcopenia.
The Elderly And Malnutrition Essay
However, lack of exercise is not the essays on nutrition and the elderly cause and it is thought that hormonal, neural and essays on nutrition and the elderly activities play a role. Levels of sex hormones, glucocorticoids and catecholamines decline in older people which in turn increase pro-inflammatory essays on nutrition and the elderly. The central essays nutrition system can play a essays nutrition in sarcopenia.
Elderly lost from the spinal cord will lead to loss of muscle. Stroke and neural disease cause neurone cell essays on nutrition and the elderly and result in muscle atrophy. Causes of physiological anorexia are not fully understood, but the following are thought to contribute:. Taste and smell make food enjoyable. The sense of taste and smell deteriorate with age.
Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health
Also, older patients with a reduced sense of taste tend essays have a less varied diet and consequently /concept-essay-on-maturity.html micronutrient deficiencies. The loss of sense of taste is not nutrition and the fully but may be caused by a reduced number of taste buds. Studies elderly shown that improving flavor of foods can improve elderly intake and body weight in nursing-home patients.
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At any age, nutrition is vital to maintaining health and enhancing quality of life. However, achieving good nutrition can be especially difficult for the elderly, the fastest growing portion of America's population. Many factors, including physiological changes, changes in nutritional needs, illness and physical limitations, food-medication interactions, depression and loneliness, and food insecurity are common causes of malnutrition in the elderly.
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